SUMMARY: The impact of head removal during cervical dislocation on bird welfare is currently unknown.In this study, broilers Mens Joggers (n = 180; 35, 44, and 50 d of age) were assigned either euthanasia by cervical dislocation with a head removal (HR) or cervical dislocation only (CDO) treatment to evaluate their behavioral and reflexive response
Abstract The lungs are an immunologically unique environment; they are exposed to innumerable pathogens and particulate matter daily.Appropriate clearance of pathogens and response to pollutants is required Dipper Wells to prevent overwhelming infection, while preventing tissue damage and maintaining efficient gas exchange.Broadly, the innate immun
ABSTRACT: Feed conversion efficiency is among the most important factors affecting profitable production of poultry.Infections with parasitic nematodes can decrease efficiency of production, making parasite control through the use of anthelmintics an important component of health management.In ruminants and horses, anthelmintic resistance is highly
In Monte Carlo based importance sampling estimations, Effective Sample Size (ESS) is an important index of simulation efficiency, since ESS can measure the divergence between the target distribution and the proposal distribution effectively, and thus is widely used to decide whether resampling is needed or not.Among several well-known variants of E
Abstract The separation of wealth from the owner raises the issue of agency.One form of the agency problem is financial statements fraud.Financial statement fraud has been shown to have a negative impact on businesses and the economy.Previous studies indicate that good corporate governance can help to reduce financial statement fraud.This research